Kude nezixeko zaseOman ezikunxweme lwaseOman naseMuscat, uninzi lobuhle belizwe bukwilizwe, kwiilali apho amasiko ahlala ekho, nakwiinqaba ezazikade zikhusela iidolophu ezichumayo neendlela zorhwebo. Ukutyelela iiLali zeMveli zaseOman kunye neeNqaba kufana nokubuya umva kwixesha, xa izindlu ezenziwe ngezitena zodaka zaziphakathi kwemithi yesundu, iindlela ezimxinwa ezijikelezwe yimijelo yefalaj ehambayo, kunye neenqaba zamatye eziphakama ngokuzingca phezu kwendawo.
Ezi ndawo zibonisa ubuchule, inkcubeko, kunye nokuqina kwabantu baseOmani. Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeenqaba kunye neelali ezidumileyo ezibonisa ilifa elityebileyo laseOman.
UNizwa – Iparele yeSilamsi
Nayiphi na incoko malunga needolophu zembali zaseOman iqala ngo Nizwa, eyayilikomkhulu langaphambili ngexesha lenkulungwane yesi-6 neyesi-7 kwaye yayiliziko lemfundo yamaSilamsi ixesha elide. Namhlanje, iNizwa yaziwa kakhulu ngenqaba yayo enkulu yenqaba ejikelezileyo kunye nesouq ephilayo. INqaba yaseNizwa, eyagqitywa malunga no-1650 ngu-Imam Sultan bin Saif Al Yarubi, itsala iindwendwe ezivela kulo lonke. Inqaba yayo ejikelezileyo ephakathi iphakame malunga neemitha ezingama-34 (112 ft) kwaye ibanzi ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-45, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibonakale ingenakuphikiswa.
Yakhelwe phezu kwesiseko senqaba yenkulungwane ye-12, ukuhlaziywa kweYarubid kwayinika uyilo oluqinileyo nolukrelekrele olubonakala namhlanje. Ngaphakathi, ungajonga izitebhisi ezimxinwa, iingcango ezifihlakeleyo, kunye "nemingxunya yokubulala", indawo apho abakhuseli babenokuthulula khona isiraphu yedate ebilayo okanye amanzi kubahlaseli. Ukusuka phezulu, umbono udlula kulwandle lwemithi yesundu, iSultan Qaboos Mosque eneendonga, kunye neentaba ezingqongileyo.
Ngaphesheya kwenqaba kukho Nizwa souqNangona ezinye iindawo zineempawu zanamhlanje, igcina inkangeleko kunye nemvakalelo iyonke yemarike yendabuko yase-Omani. Apha, ungafumana izinto zesilivere, ingakumbi ii-Omani Khanjars (ii-daggers) ezidumileyo, kunye nemveliso entsha kunye nemfuyo.
NgoLwesihlanu, imakethi yeenkomo igcwele abalimi ababhida ngamandla ngexesha lefandesi, behamba neebhokhwe, bedala umbono ophilayo nonemibala. Uya kuziva nencasa yeNizwa yamandulo, isixeko esibiyelweyo esinodonga oluchumayo norhwebo nolwazi, njengoko uhambahamba kwiindlela ezivulekileyo namasango avuselelweyo. Udumo lwayo olude njengesikhungo seengqondo lwayenza yabizwa ngokuba yi "Pearl of Islam," kwaye nanamhlanje, idolophu idibanisa ubuhle bembali namandla athambileyo, axakekileyo.
UBahla – iFort of Thousand Tales
Ukuhamba ngemoto emfutshane entshona yeNizwa kukusa eBahla, idolophu egqunywe zizakhiwo zakudala kwaye likhaya lenqaba ekuphela kwayo ebhalwe kwi-UNESCO e-Oman. Inqaba yaseBahla inkulu kakhulu. Ukuba ubala amasalela odonga lwesixeko esidala olwalusuka kuyo, ukhuselo lwezitena zodaka luhamba malunga neekhilomitha ezili-13. Iindawo zokuqala zenqaba ziqala ubuncinane kwinkulungwane ye-13, xa isizwe samaBanu Nabhan sasilawula loo ndawo. Kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, le nqaba yaqhubeka ikhula, iguquka yaba yindibaniselwano yeenkundla, iinqaba, kunye neendlela ozibonayo namhlanje.
Xa i-UNESCO yathiya le ndawo njengeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi ngo-1987, le nqaba yayisele ingamabhodlo. Kwalandela iminyaka yokulungiswa ngononophelo, kwaye ngeminyaka yoo-2010, ekugqibeleni yavulwa kwakhona kwilizwe elinomtsalane iindwendwe ezinokulinandipha ngoku. Unganyuka iinqaba zayo zokulinda, uzulazule kwiindlela ezivakalayo, kwaye ujonge ngaphaya kwehlathi elikhulu lemithi yesundu. Isikali sodwa siyamangalisa, kodwa iBahla ikwanayo nomoya othile odlula uyilo lwayo.
Le dolophu inegama elide kwiintsomi zase-Omani njengendawo apho iijin, imimoya, zihamba khona. Amabali abathakathi, iziganeko ezingaqhelekanga, kunye neejin ezikhohlakeleyo ziye zaxelwa apha kangangezizukulwana. Nokuba oko kuvela kwimbali enzulu kaBahla okanye kwisithethe sayo sobumba, akukho mntu unokuqikelela.
Le dolophu idume ngobumba bayo, kwaye abanye bathi kudala, abantu babesithi obu bugcisa bubangelwa bumlingo. Kufuphi nenqaba, ivenkile endala iyaqhubeka nokuthengisa izinto zobumba zeBahla, ezitshiswa kwii-oven zemveli. Iishelufu zeembiza zodongwe kunye nevumba lomhlaba nomsi zongeza kubuhle obuzolileyo nobungaqondakaliyo bedolophu.
Inqaba yaseJabrin (eJabreen) – Indawo yokufunda
Kufutshane neBahla kuvela uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwenqaba: iJabrin Castle. Yakhiwa ngo-1675 ngu-Imam Bil'arab bin Sultan, yayisetyenziswa kakhulu njengendawo yokuhlala yasebukhosini nendawo yokufunda, endaweni yenqaba yemfazwe. Abahambi abaninzi bayijonga njengenye yezona zakhiwo zembali zintle kakhulu e-Oman. Esi sakhiwo sinamabala amathathu amile okwengxande, kwaye uphawu lwaso olubalaseleyo luluhlu lweesilingi zomthi ezipeyintiweyo ezihonjiswe ngeepateni zeentyatyambo ezintle kunye ne-calligraphy yesi-Arabhu.
Uhambahamba kumagumbi, kwiimajlis, kumagumbi okulala, kwivenkile yeedethi, kwithala leencwadi, ungacinga ngobomi benkcubeko obabusenzeka apha. U-Imam wayesaziwa njengomxhasi weengcali kunye nabaculi, kwaye kuthiwa uJabrin wamkela iimbongi, izazi zenkolo, kunye neengcinga ezazihlanganisana ukuze zixoxe ngenkolo, isayensi kunye nefilosofi.
Le nqaba ikwanazo nezinye izinto ezinobuchule bokuyila. Enye yezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu “yigumbi lelanga nenyanga,” eliyilwe ngokungenisa umoya kunye nemingxuma eyayiligcina lizolile emini kwaye likhanya ngokwemvelo ebusuku. Kukwakho nezinto zokuzikhusela, ezifana nemingxuma yokubulala kunye neekona ezimbalwa eziqinisiweyo, kodwa ngokubanzi, le nqaba iziva izolile kunokuba ibe ngathi yimfazwe.
Xa unyuka uphahla, umoya onoxolo unika indawo yokukhumbuza isizathu sokuba le ndawo ibalulekile: amathafa ajikelezileyo kunye nemithi yesundu ivuleka kuzo zonke iindlela, okwenza kube lula ukubona nabani na osondelayo ukusuka kwiimayile ezikude. IJabreen okwangoku ivulelekile kubakhenkethi, kwaye abaninzi bayihlola ngoncedo lwezikhokelo okanye utyelelo lweaudio. Iindonga zayo ezifudumeleyo zodaka, ingaphakathi elihle, kunye nokukhanya kwendalo okuthambileyo kwenza ukuba ibe yindawo ethandwayo ngabafoti kunye nabo bonke abatsaleleka kwimbali yaseOman ezolileyo nenenkcubeko ngakumbi.
Iilali zeentaba-Misfah Al Abriyyin kunye ne-Al Hamra
UMisfah Al Abriyyin – Ilali yaseNtabeni Ephilayo
I-Misfah Al Abriyyin ivakala ngathi ngumfanekiso ophilayo. Izindlu zamatye nezodaka zinamathele kumphetho we-canyon ngelixa iithafa eziluhlaza zebhanana, imango, kunye nemithi ye-papaya zigubungela ilali. Imijelo yamandulo ye-falaj ithwala amanzi ezantsi kwiintaba, kwaye uyaweva njengoko uhamba kwiindlela ezincinci. Ungabona iingcango zomthi eziqingqiweyo zakudala, ngoku ezingaqhelekanga. Ungadlula umfazi omdala onxibe isambatho sendabuko ephethe ukutya okanye enyamekela intsimi encinci.
Abantu basekuhlaleni bayabamkela ngobubele iindwendwe. Amakhaya ambalwa anembali ngoku anendawo zokuhlala iindwendwe ezilula okanye iivenkile zekofu apho unokulala khona okanye utye ikofu yase-Omani ngelixa ubukele imibono evela kwiithala. Isizwe sama-Abriyyin sigcina iliso elibukhali kwilifa lelali, kwaye ekubeni abantu besahlala apha, intlonipho kwiindawo zabucala ibalulekile. Yima kwithala xa ilanga litshona, kwaye uya kukhumbula ukukhanya iminyaka emininzi.
I-Al Hamra - Uyilo lweMudbrick kunye neMbali yoRhwebo
Ngaphantsi nje kweMisfah, Al Hamra Ibonisa icala elahlukileyo lobomi bendabuko. Izindlu ezinde, ezinezitena ezininzi zodaka zimi kwiindlela ezimxinwa, zibonisa impembelelo yaseYemen ebonisa unxibelelwano lwakudala lwezorhwebo lwelizwe. Iintsapho ezininzi zafudukela kwizindlu zanamhlanje ezikufutshane, zishiya izindlu ezininzi zingenanto, kodwa bambalwa abanini bazo balungisa iipropati zabo. I-Bait Al Safah imi njengomnye wemizekelo emihle. Ngaphakathi kule ndlu inkulu yendabuko, abafazi basekuhlaleni babonisa umgubo wokusila ngamatye okugaya, ukuluka, ukwenza ikofu, kunye nokubhaka isonka esisicaba kwi-oven yodongwe.
Ungazizama ezinye zezi misebenzi uze unambithe isonka esishushu esivela ehovini. I-Al Hamra yakhula ngenxa yobutyebi kurhwebo kunye nokulima iidethi, ngelixa iMisfah yakha ubomi bayo kwezolimo ezikwi-terrace; ngoko ke, ezi ndawo zimbini zidibene zimele iingcambu ezahlukeneyo zobomi basezilalini zase-Omani.
Iinqaba zaselunxwemeni kunye neelali zembali
Elunxwemeni, ufumana iindawo zokuhlala zembali ezinembali yazo. ISur yakhula ukusuka kwilali yokwakha iidhow yaya kwidolophu exakekileyo, kwaye iSunaysilah Fort ijonge phezu kwechibi apho iingcibi zakha zaqalisa khona iinqanawa zazo zomthi. Ezantsi eDhofar, isixeko saseTaqah sinenqaba encinci eyayikhe yahlala irhuluneli yasekuhlaleni, ngoku enika iindwendwe umbono wobomi kulo mmandla kwiminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo.
E-Al Batinah, eNakhal, naseRustaq, iinqaba neendawo zokuhlala zibonisa unxibelelwano lwazo namanzi kunye nezolimo. INqaba yaseNakhal ikwindawo enamatye, eneentaba ngasemva kwayo kunye neegadi ezinkulu zedati ngaphantsi, ezitsala amanzi kwimithombo eshushu. Ungahambahamba kumagumbi alungisiweyo aseNakhal, ubone iinkanunu ezindala, kwaye wonwabele umbono wethafa eliluhlaza.
Inqaba iRustaq yaqala ngaphambi kokufika kweSilamsi kwaye kamva yasebenza njengesiseko sika-Imam Ahmed bin Said, owaseka ubukhosi buka-Al Said. Isakhiwo esikhulu sikaRustaq sezitena zodaka kunye neenqaba ezine zokulinda zisalawula intlambo, kwaye amaqela asekuhlaleni asebenza ukubuyisela iindawo zabakhenkethi. Ezi nqaba kunye needolophu ezikufutshane nazo zakhula naphi na apho imithombo okanye imijelo yefalaj yayisenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlala khona.
Ulondolozo kunye noKhenketho kwiilali zemveli kunye neenqaba zase-Oman
I-Oman ichitha ixesha nemali ekukhuseleni ezi ndawo kuba zibalulekile. Urhulumente kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni babuyisela iNizwa, iBahla, iJabrin, iNakhal, kunye nezinye iinqaba, bongeza imiqondiso kunye nemiboniso elula, kwaye balungiselele izikhokelo zeendwendwe. Iimali zokungena eziphantsi zinceda ekuhlawuleleni ukugcinwa kwazo. Iilali ezifana neMisfah kunye neendawo ze-Al Hamra zilandela iindlela ezicacileyo zabakhenkethi, zivumela iintsapho ukuba zigcine ubumfihlo bazo, kwaye amaqela ezikhokelo zasekuhlaleni anceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhenketho lunceda uluntu. Xa iindwendwe zilandela izikhokelo zokunxiba kunye neefoto kwaye ziphatha amakhaya kunye neendawo zomthandazo ngentlonipho nenkathalo, ukhenketho lunceda ekulondolozeni ezi ndawo.
Isiphelo: Kutheni iiLali zeMveli kunye neeNqaba zaseOman zibalulekile
Iilali kunye neenqaba zase-Oman zinika umbono onzulu wendlela yobomi esaphila apha. Ezi nqaba zibonisa ubuchule bomkhosi, ukhuselo, kunye nokukhetha ubunkokeli kweenkulungwane ezidlulileyo, ngelixa iilali zibalisa amabali athuleyo okulima, ubugcisa, ubomi, kunye nokholo, kunye nobudlelwane abanabo nomhlaba wabo namanzi. Ukuba uhamba kwi-alley endala, unyuke inqaba yenqaba xa kutshona ilanga, kwaye umamele amanzi egeleza kwi-falaj, ungena kwimbali esaphefumlayo.
Ukususela kwiindonga ezinkulu zaseBahla ukuya kwiindawo ezizolileyo zaseMisfah, indawo nganye inesimo sayo esikhethekileyo. Zidibene, zibonisa indlela abantu ababubumba ngayo ubomi obutyebileyo kwiintlango, iintaba, kunye nonxweme. Ezi ndawo zinokuba yinto ephambili kuhambo lwakho, zibonelela ngokuqonda okunzulu ngobuhle bendalo baseOman, kwaye abahambi abaninzi banale mvakalelo. Ngoko ke, ukuba awufuni ukuphoswa yintliziyo yaseOman, akufanele uzitsibe. Ezi ndawo zigcina ibali laseOman liphila kuye nabani na onqwenela ukuphuma kancinci kwiindlela eziphambili aze adibane nexesha elidlulileyo.