Iimonki zaseTibet ukodlula ubungangamsha bokwakha. Ezi ngcwele zokomoya zisisiseko sobuBhuda baseTibet, obusebenza njengamaziko onqulo, emfundo, nokugcinwa kwenkcubeko kangangeenkulungwane. Iimonki zinikezela ubomi bazo apha, zifunda ifilosofi yamaBhuda, ukwenza amasiko, kunye nokugcina izithethe ezidluliselwe kwizizukulwana.
Eli nqaku ligxile kwiimonki ezintathu ezibalulekileyo: iSera Monastery, iDrepung Monks, kunye neGanden Monastery. Ngamnye unembali eyodwa, umlinganiswa, kunye nendima ebalulekileyo kubuBhuda baseTibetan.
Ukubaluleka kwimbali yeSera, iDrepung, kunye neGanden Monasteries
Iimonki zaseTibetan Buddhist ayisiyonto imangalisayo yokwakha kodwa ibubungqina bembali etyebileyo kunye nesithethe somoya esinzulu. Indlu nganye yeemonki inebali elasungulwayo elahlukileyo kwaye idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ubuBhuda baseTibet. Makhe sihlolisise kwixesha elidlulileyo elinika umdla kwezi ndawo zintathu zibalaseleyo:
1. I-Sera Monastery: I-Hub yeNgxoxo kunye neSifundo (Yasekwa ngo-1419)
Yasekwa nguJamchen Chojey, umfundi we-Je Tsongkhapa ohloniphekileyo, i-Sera Mey Monastery ngokukhawuleza yafumana ukuvelela njengeziko lokufundela ubuBhuda.
Ilifa elihlala lihleli lendlu yoonongendi likwisithethe sayo sokuxoxa esidlangalaleni. Iimonki zibandakanyeka kwiingxoxo ezinomoya ngentanda-bulumko yamaBhuda, zilola izakhono zazo zokuxoxa kwaye zisenza nzulu ukuqonda kwazo iimfundiso.
Olu qheliselo lukhethekileyo, ilitye lembombo lesazisi sendlu yeemonki uSera Mey, lutsale abatyeleli kangangeenkulungwane, lunika umbono wecala lobukrelekrele beTibetan Buddhism.
2. IMonastery yaseDrepung: Yakha yaba Yeyona Inkulu ehlabathini (Yasekwa ngo-1416)
I-Drepung Monks inomahluko omangalisayo wokuba yayiyeyona monastery inkulu emhlabeni. Yasekwa nguJamyang Chojey, omnye umfundi kaJe Tsongkhapa, yayihlala imonki enkulu ezinikele ekufundeni nasekuqheliseleni ubuBhuda baseTibet.
Ubunzima obunabileyo bubandakanya iikholeji ezininzi, nganye igxile kwinkalo ethile yemfundiso yobuBhuda. Olu qeqesho lwanceda abantu baziqonda ngokunzulu iimfundiso ezinkulu zolu nqulo.
Ngaphandle kwempembelelo yayo kwezemfundo, I-Drepung Monastery yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezopolitiko zaseTibet. Iinkosi zoonongendi zazinempembelelo enkulu, yaye uDalai Lama wesihlanu, umntu ohlonelwayo kubuBhuda baseTibet, wayesaziwa njengowuthanda ngokukhethekileyo lo mzi woonongendi.
3. IMonastery yaseGanden: Eyona ndawo ingcwele yeSikolo iGelugpa (Yasekwa ngo-1409)
Yasekwa nguJe Tsongkhapa ngokwakhe, iGan Den Monastery ibambe ukubaluleka okukhulu kwisikolo saseGelugpa saseTibetan Buddhism. Yayisebenza njengendawo yokuhlala ephambili yaseTsongkhapa kunye nendawo yokuzalwa yesiko lamaGelugpa.
Indawo eyolileyo yekhaya leemonki phezu kweNtaba yeWangbur yongeza kwindawo yayo yokomoya. Okubangela umdla kukuba, isitayile soyilo seGan Den Monastery siyatenxa kwezinye ezibini, sinezakhiwo ezincinci ezidityaniswe kumbindi weHolo iTsochin.
Emva kokusweleka kukaTsongkhapa, umzimba wakhe ogciniweyo wangcwatyelwa kwiMonastery yaseGan Den, uqinisa ngakumbi ubume bayo njengeyona ndawo ingcwele yesikolo saseGelugpa.
Ubukhazikhazi boZakhiwo: Ukujongwa kuYilo lweMonastery nganye
Iimonki zaseTibet ayingomaziko omoya nje kuphela kodwa nemizekelo emangalisayo yoyilo lweTibet. Ngamnye "oMthathu oMkhulu" uqhayisa ngeempawu ezizodwa ezibonisa ubungangamsha kunye nokusebenza kwazo.
I-Sera Monastery:
- Izakhiwo ezixineneyo: I-Sera Monastery ine-complex efana ne-maze enezakhiwo ezisondeleleneyo, ngokungafaniyo nabalingane bayo. Olu luyilo lukhuthaza uvakalelo loluntu kwaye lusebenzise ngokufanelekileyo indawo esecaleni kwenduli.
- IiHolo zeNdibano: Esona sakhiwo sibalaseleyo yiTsokchen, okanye iHolo yaseCoqen, isakhiwo esinemigangatho emine esineveranda enkulu yokungena. Ngaphakathi, iindwendwe zinokufumana iicawa ezihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamanani abalulekileyo afana noShakyamuni Buddha kunye noTsongkhapa, umsunguli wesikolo saseGelugpa.
I-Drepung Monastery:
- Isikali sokuBeka: I-Drepung Monks yeyona inkulu kwezi zintathu, iqhayisa ngesakhiwo esikhulu esakhe sahlala kwiimonki ezingaphezu kwe-10,000. Izakhiwo zinyuka ngokwamanqanaba, kunye nezona zakhiwo zibalulekileyo, njengeHolo yaseCoqen, ebekwe kwindawo ephezulu.
- Uphahla lweGolide: Uphawu olwahlukileyo lweDrepung kukusetyenziswa kophahla oluhonjisiweyo kwizakhiwo ezibalulekileyo. Le elementi yongeza ubumnandi obutofotofo kwaye ibonakalisa intlonipho ebanjelwe ezi zakhiwo.
- Amavili omthandazo: Kuthe saa kuyo yonke le ndawo kukho amavili omthandazo amaninzi, uphawu lwenkqubo yobuBhuda yaseTibet. Abahambi ngezonqulo bajikeleza la mavili ukuze baqokelele ukufanela kwaye bathumele imithandazo ngaphandle.
IMonastery yaseGanden:
- Ukusetwa kweNtaba yeNtaba Imi phezu kweNtaba iWangbur, iGan Den Monastery ithelekisa ezinye ezimbini. Emva kokunyuka kwabo, iindwendwe zonwabela iimbono ezimangalisayo zeentlambo ezingqongileyo.
- Uyilo lweNtendelezo esembindini: Ngokungafaniyo noyilo olufana ne-maze yeSera, iGanden ibonakalisa isicwangciso esivuleleke ngakumbi esigxile kwintendelezo enkulu. Ivumela ukuziva okubanzi kunye nomoya.
- Iimpawu eziZodwa zobuGcisa: Hlala ujonge imizobo entsonkothileyo ebonisa izithixo zamaBhuda kunye namabali ahombisa iindonga zezakhiwo zeemonki. Le mizobo idlamkileyo inika umbono kwizithethe zobugcisa zaseTibet.
Ukutyhila Intliziyo yoMoya: Ubomi bemihla ngemihla, iMithetho, kunye neeMfundiso kwiiMonasteries zaseTibetan.
Iimonki zaseTibet zamaBhuda ayisiyonto imangalisayo yezakhiwo kodwa ngamaziko aphilileyo enkcubeko nenkolo. Iimonki ezihlala apha zinikezela ubomi bazo kuhlelo olucwangcisiweyo lokuthandaza, ukufunda, kunye nokugcina izithethe. Makhe sihlolisise iinkqubo zemihla ngemihla, iminyhadala ekhethekileyo, kunye neemfundiso ezenzeka ngaphakathi kweendonga zeSera, iDrepung, neGanden monasteries:
IiNdlela zeMihla:
- Iimonki zezindlu zoonongendi zintathu zibambelela kumgaqo ongqongqo wemihla ngemihla osekelwe emthandazweni, ekucamngceni nasekufundisiseni.
- Iintsasa ziqala ngemithandazo yeqela, ukucula, iiseshini zokucamngca, kunye nesidlo sakusasa.
- Iimvakwemini zinikezelwa kwizifundo zenkolo, zihlala zibandakanya iingxoxo-mpikiswano okanye iintetho ezixhomekeke kugxininiso lwekhaya loonongendi.
- Urhatya lusenokubandakanya imithandazo eyongezelelekileyo okanye imisebenzi yobudlelane.
Imibhiyozo eyodwa:
- I-monastery nganye ibamba iminyhadala ekhethekileyo kunye neminyhadala unyaka wonke.
- Indlu yeemonki iSera Mey yaziwa kakhulu ngoMthandazo wayo waseMonlam Festival, umbhiyozo odlamkileyo onemidaniso egqunyiweyo kunye neminikelo entsonkothileyo yemandala.
- Iimonki zaseDrepung zibhiyozela uMnyhadala weShoton, umnyhadala odlamkileyo nokhuphiswano lwesintu lokutya iyogathi yaseTibet kunye nemidlalo yeqonga.
- I-Ganden Monastery ithatha inxaxheba kumnyhadala we-Lhabab Duchen, ohlonipha ukukhawulwa kukaBuddha, ukukhanya, kunye ne-parinirvana (ukufa).
Iimfundiso kunye neMfundo:
Zontathu iimonki zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqeqesheni izizukulwana ezizayo zeemonki.
Indlu yeemonki iSera Mey igxininisa iingxoxo-mpikiswano, iphakamisa ukuqonda kweemonki ngefilosofi yobuBhuda ngeengxoxo ezingqongqo.
I-Drepung Monastery, kunye neekholeji zayo ezininzi ezikhethekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobuBhuda, inika iimonki ezinqwenela imfundo ebanzi.
I-Gan Den Monastery yeyona ndawo ingcwele yesikolo saseGelugpa, esigxile kwiimfundiso ezithe ngqo kweso siko.
Iimonki njengabaGcini beNkcubeko:
- Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwazo ngokwenkolo, iimonki zaseTibet zamaBhuda zisebenza njengendawo yokugcina inkcubeko.
- Iimonki zigcina ngokucokisekileyo imibhalo yamandulo yaseTibet, iindlela zobugcisa, kunye nezithethe zokuqinisekisa ukusinda kwazo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Isikhokelo seeNdwendwe kwiSera, iDrepung, kunye neGanden Monasteries
Iimonki zaseTibetan zamaBhuda zizinto ezithandwayo ngabakhenkethi ukongeza kwiindawo zokomoya. Ucwangciso olululo kunye nesimilo sivumela abatyeleli ukuba bafumane ezo ndawo zingcwele ukuzola kunye nenkcubeko etyebileyo. Nasi isikhokelo sokuphonononga iimonki zeSera, iDrepung, kunye neGanden:
Ukucwangcisa uTyelelo Lwakho:
- Iimvume: Imvume yokuHamba yaseTibet inyanzelekile kwiindwendwe zangaphandle. Fumana oku ngokusebenzisa iarhente yokuhamba egunyazisiweyo yokuphatha abakhenkethi bangaphandle eTibet.
- Elona xesha lilungileyo lokundwendwela: Intwasahlobo (ngoAprili-Meyi) kunye nekwindla (Septemba-Oktobha) inika imozulu emnandi. Gwema ixesha le-monsoon (ngoJulayi-Agasti) kunye nobusika obunzima.
- Ukhenketho: Cinga ngokuthabatha olunye ukhenketho olufundisayo olunikelwa ziingcali zasekuhlaleni, ezinokuxoxa ngokubaluleka, imbali nezithethe zekhaya ngalinye loonongendi.
Indlela yokuziphatha enentlonipho:
- Nxiba ngokundilisekileyo: Nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo kwaye ugqume amadolo namagxa akho xa uhamba kumhlaba ongalinganiyo.
- Imifanekiso: Ezinye iindawo zinokuthintela ukufota. Soloko ucela imvume phambi kokuba ufote iimonki okanye imisitho yenkolo.
- Indlela yokuziphatha kwiMonastery: Thetha ngokuthambileyo, kunqande ukukhomba imifanekiso eqingqiweyo okanye abantu benkolo, kwaye uhambe ngasekunene ujikeleze indlu yeemonki.
Ukutyelela iMonastery nganye:
- I-Sera Monastery: Ifumaneka kufutshane neLhasa, iSera ifikeleleka ngokulula kwaye inemali yokungena encinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kusasa, ngqina iingxoxo ezikhangayo kwintendelezo yaseDratsang.
- I-Drepung Monastery: Kwakhona kufutshane neLhasa, iDrepung ibonelela ngobunzima obukhulu bokuhlola. Intlawulo yokungena iyasebenza. Ixesha lokundwendwela kwakho ukuze lingqamane noMnyhadala weShoton (udla ngoJulayi) ukuze ufumane amava awodwa ngokwenene.
- IMonastery yaseGanden: Ibekwe kude, iGanden ifuna ucwangciso olungakumbi kunye namalungiselelo othutho. Iintlawulo zokungena zikhona. Yonwabela ukusetwa kwentaba ezolileyo kwaye ujonge iHolo yeTsochin, eyona ndawo yolwakhiwo.
Ukusebeza kwakudala: amabali kunye namabali asuka kwiiMonasteries
Iimonki zaseTibet ayisiyonto imangalisayo yoyilo kunye nenkcubeko kuphela kodwa kunye neendawo zokugcina iintsomi zakudala kunye namabali obuqu akhanyisa imbali yawo etyebileyo.
IMonastery yaseSera Mey:
- Ii-echoes zeNgxoxo: Intsomi isixelela ngemonki eselula enetalente evela eSera ethe gqolo ukuboyisa abachasi bayo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano. Ngenye imini, umhambi osele ekhulile nowayephelelwe lithemba wamcela umngeni. Phezu kwako nje ukuzigwagwisa kwakhe, imonki eselula yafumana isibetho esivakalayo kwingxubusho. Emva koko umhambi wazityhila enguManjushri, i<em>bodhisattva yobulumko, ekhumbuza imonki eselula ngokubaluleka kokuthobeka ekusukeleni ulwazi.
- Ibali loNdwendwe: Abantu abaninzi abatyelela iSera bathetha ngemeko edlamkileyo ebudeni beengxoxo. Izijekulo zezandla ezinamandla kunye namazwi aphuphumayo zenza umbono owahlukileyo, ebonisa umbono wecala lobukrelekrele boqheliselo lobuBhuda baseTibet.
I-Drepung Monastery:
- Isiprofeto se-Oracle: Ngokutsho kwentsomi, isiprofeto se-oracle sakhokelela ekusekweni kweDrepung Monks. Umprofeti wachaza ukuba intlanzi yegolide yayiza kubonisa indawo enqabileyo. Ukulandela umbono, uTsongkhapa, umseki wesikolo saseGelugpa, wachonga indawo yangoku yeDrepung emva kokubona ilitye elenziwe ngentlanzi kwintlambo engezantsi.
- Umbono weMonki: Iimonki eDrepung zihlala zithetha ngemvakalelo yoxolo egquba kwikhaya loonongendi nangona inkulu. Indlela yokuthandaza, ukufunda, kunye nokucamngca kukhuthaza ukuqonda okunzulu kokuzola kwangaphakathi, umgangatho abatyeleli abaninzi abazifumana betsaleleka kuwo.
IMonastery yaseGanden:
- Iphupha loMbono: Ingxelo ithi uTsongkhapa waphupha ngebhotwe lasezulwini ngexesha lokucamngca kwakhe. Lo mbono kuthiwa ukhuthaze uyilo kunye nendawo yeMonastery yaseGan Den, emi phezu kweNtaba yeWangbur. Igama elithi Ganden ngokwalo liguqulela “kwindawo eyonwabileyo,” ebonisa ubuhle kunye nokuzola kwendawo yoonongendi.
- Iakhawunti yoMhambi: Abakhenkethi bahlala begqabaza ngeembono eziphefumlayo ezijikeleze iMonastery yaseGan Den. I-panoramic vistas ye-Himalayas yongeza enye inqanaba elimangalisayo kumava okutyelela le ndawo ingcwele.
ILifa eliQinisekisayo: Indima yangoku kunye neMpembelelo yoLuntu kwiiMonasteries zaseTibet
Iimonki zaseTibetan zamaBhuda zidlula ukubaluleka kwazo ngokwembali. Baqhubeka bengamaziko aphilileyo oqheliselo lwenkolo, imfundo, kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu. Makhe sihlolisise indlela iimonki zeSera, iDrepung, kunye neGanden ezibuchaphazela ngayo ubomi boluntu lwasekuhlaleni:
IiNdawo zoLuntu kunye neNtlalo:
Iimonki ezihlala kwezi zindlu zoonongendi zihlala ziphuma kwiilali ezikufutshane. Imizi yoonongendi ibanika imfundo, indawo yokuhlala, nokuziva bengabalulekanga.
Iimonki zibonelela uluntu lwasekuhlaleni ngezithethe zonqulo kunye nemithendeleko, edibanisa abantu kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane boluntu.
Iimonki zaseTibetan zamaBhuda zikwasebenza njengamaziko amayeza emveli aseTibet, anikezela ngokhathalelo lwezonyango kwabo basweleyo.
Ukugcina iNkcubeko kunye neLifa leMveli:
Iimonki zikhuphela ngesandla izibhalo zakudala, zigcina ulwazi kunye nezithethe zamaBhuda eTibet kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Izindlu zoonongendi zingoovimba bobugcisa, umculo, nezimbo zokwakha, ezikhusela ilifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo yaseTibet.
Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni luhlala luthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo yemveli nakwimibhiyozo kwizindlu zoonongendi, ukukhuthaza ukuzazi ngokwenkcubeko.
Iminyhadala yale mihla kunye neminyhadala:
I-Sera Mey Monastery iyaqhubeka nesithethe sayo sengxoxo-mpikiswano edlamkileyo, itsala abakhenkethi abanomdla wokubona lo msebenzi wobukrelekrele ukhethekileyo.
Iimonki zaseDrepung zisajonga Shoton Festival, umbhiyozo odlamkileyo obonisa imidlalo yeqonga kunye nokhuphiswano lwesintu lokutya iyogathi. Lo mnyhadala utsala abantu abaninzi abasuka kwiindawo ezikufutshane.
I-Monastery yaseGanden ibamba le Umnyhadala weLhabab Duchen, isikhumbuzo sikaBuddha. Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni luthatha inxaxheba kwiminikelo kunye nemithandazo, ukomeleza unxibelelwano lwabo nokholo lwabo.
Ukukhusela iNgcwele: Iinzame zoLondolozo kwiiMonasteries zaseTibetan
Iimonki zaseTibetan zamaBhuda, ubuncwane obungenakuphinda bubuyiselwe benkcubeko nembali ebalulekileyo, zijongene nomceli mngeni wokulondolozwa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Ngethamsanqa, iinzame ezizinikeleyo ziyaqhubeka ukuqinisekisa ubukho bazo obuqhubekekayo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ukugcina Ixesha Elidlulileyo Ukwenzela Ikamva:
Urhulumente waseTshayina uphumeze iinkqubo zokubuyisela nokugcina iimonki ezinkulu, kubandakanya iSera Mey Monastery, iDrepung Monks, kunye neGan Den Monastery.
Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni lubalulekile ekukhuseleni ezi ndawo zingcwele. Iimonki zisebenzisa izinto zendalo kunye neendlela zokwakha zemveli ukuze zilondoloze i-monastery ngononophelo.
Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe efana neUNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) nayo iye yanomdla ekulondolozeni imbali yenkcubeko yaseTibet. Ngelixa kungekho nanye kwiimonki ezintathu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ebambe igama langoku leLifa leMveli le-UNESCO, ezinye iimonki ezibalulekileyo zaseTibet zikuluhlu, ziqaqambisa ukuqondwa kwamazwe ngamazwe ukubaluleka kwazo.
Iinkqubo eziZinzileyo:
Iinzame ziyaqhuba ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokhenketho ezizinzileyo ezingenisa imali kwiimonki, ezivumela ukuba zenze utyalo-mali kulondolozo nokubuyisela iiprojekthi.
Izindlu zoonongendi zibandakanya iinkqubo ezilungele indalo, ezifana namandla elanga kunye nokuvunwa kwamanzi emvula, ukunciphisa impembelelo yazo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Uhambo lokugqitha kwezona Monastery zidumileyo zaseTibet
Iimonki zaseTibet zamaBhuda zingaphezulu nje kokumangalisa kwezakhiwo ezibekwe phakathi kweendawo ezintle zomhlaba. Zisebenza njengeziko lonqulo, imfundo, nokugcinwa kwezithethe kangangeenkulungwane, zimela ubomi bobuBhuda baseTibet. I-monastery nganye, kuquka I-Sera Monastery, I-Drepung Monks, kunye ne-Ganden Monastery, inembali ekhethekileyo kunye nomlingiswa onegalelo kwi-tapestry ecebileyo yenkcubeko yaseTibet.
Ilifa Lokomoya Nolwazi
Ukuphonononga ukubaluleka kwembali yezi monki kutyhila ifuthe elinzulu lobuBhuda baseTibet kulo mmandla.
Izitayile zezakhiwo zibonisa ukusebenza kunye nesimboli, ukubonelela ngokuqonda okunzulu kwezenzo zobuBuddha.
Iinkqubo zemihla ngemihla, imisitho, kunye neemfundiso ezilandelwa ngaphakathi kwiimonki zibonisa ukuzinikela kweemonki kunye namandla angapheliyo ezi zithethe zomoya.
Ngaphaya kweendonga: Uluntu kunye neNkcubeko
Iimonki zaseTibetan zamaBhuda zandisa impembelelo yazo ngaphaya kweendonga zazo. Basebenza njenge:
IiNdawo zoLuntu: Ukubonelela ngemfundo, izindlu, kunye nemvakalelo yokuba ngabahlali beemonki ngelixa ukhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi koluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
AbaGcini beNkcubeko: Ukugcina izibhalo zakudala, iindlela zobugcisa, kunye namayeza esintu, ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwabo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.
Ubizo lokuphonononga ngentlonipho
Njengoko ucwangcisa utyelelo lwakho kwezi ndawo zingcwele, khumbula:
Indlela yokuziphatha enentlonipho: Nxiba ngokundilisekileyo, uthethela phantsi, uze uwakhumbule amasiko onqulo.
Iimvume kunye noCwangciso: Fumana iilayisensi eziyimfuneko kwaye uqwalasele ukhenketho olukhokelwayo ukuze ufumane ulwazi olunzulu.
UKhenketho olunoxanduva: Khetha iinkampani zokuhamba ezifana nePeregrine Treks kunye neeTours, ezibophelela kwizenzo ezizinzileyo ezizuzisa iimonki kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
