The Tashilhunpo Monastery, ibekwe eShigatse, Tibet, liziko lamandulo lobuBhuda baseTibet ebisoloko ikhonza abalandeli bayo ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15. Yasekwa nguDalai Lama wokuqala, uGyalwa Gedun Drupa, i-monastery ibe yindawo ebalulekileyo yokomoya kwiinkulungwane.
Njengenye yeemonki ezinkulu ezintandathu zesikolo saseGelug saseTibetan Buddhism, indlu yeemonki ihlonitshwa ngokubanzi ngegalelo layo lezenkolo nenkcubeko.
Namhlanje, eli khaya loonongendi lisaqhubeka libambelele kwiimfundiso nezithethe zalo ezingokwesithethe yaye lityelelwa ngamawaka nyaka ngamnye. Ngobuchule bayo obumangalisayo kunye nembali etyebileyo, ukutyelela Tashilhunpo Monastery ngamava anomtsalane ngokubonakalayo nanzulu ngokwasemoyeni.
Ilifa lomoya lekhaya loonongendi
Le ndlu yeemonki yesikolo saseGelug yenye yeemonki ezithandathu zaseTibetan, apho unokubona iimonki zinxibe iimpahla zesintu, isambatho esimthubi, kunye nomnqwazi omthubi. Ii-Novices, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-“getsuls,” zinokumiselwa “ii-gelongs” ukuba zifundile kwaye zayazi kakuhle imithetho ye-monastic.
Ukuba yi "geshe" (umcebisi wokomoya) kunzima kakhulu, kufuna iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kumashumi amabini yokusebenza nzima nokuziqhelanisa - bambalwa abakhe baphumelele.
Imisebenzi ye-Tsongkhapa, imibhalo yendabuko yaseMahayana, kunye neemfundiso ze-Atisha kunye ne-Nagarjuna zenza isiseko sokwenza izinto zokomoya. Kodwa iindonga zeTashilhunpo Monastery zigada iseti yezibhalo ezingaqondakaliyo-iimfundiso ezihlonitshwayo. UShambhala, ilizwe lezilumko nezokomoya, elithe qelele kwiiHimalaya.
I-Tashilhunpo yitempile yokuqala yokunika imbeko kulo mmandla wemfihlakalo kunye nobulumko bayo. Imfihlelo yaseShambhala idla ngokubonwa njenge-utopia ekude elahlekileyo kwiincopho zeentaba. Ukanti, enye imbono ithi kwanawona mazwe asulungekileyo anokufikelelwa ngeendawo ezingaphakathi zomntu. I-Shambhala ithathwa njenge-metaphysical realm, i-consciousness ephakanyisiweyo enokufikelela kwizenzo zomoya.
Kwi-Monastery yaseTashilhunpo, i-Kalachakra ("i-Wheel of Time") efundiswa ngu-Atisha ikhuselwe, idibene ngokusondeleyo kunye ne-legend ka-Shambhala. Kwi-1775, i-3rd Panchen Lama, uLobsang Palden Yeshe, wabhala incwadi ethi, "Istria Aryadesha kunye nendlela eya eShambhala, iLizwe eliNgcwele," elichaza i-sadhana (umsebenzi wokomoya), ukunceda abantu abanemfesane bafumane ukukhanya.
Ubume kunye neMibono yeMonastery yaseTashilhunpo
Ikhaya loonongendi elenziwe ngokugqwesileyo libekwe emazantsi eentaba zeDrolmari (intaba iTara). Ithatha i-300,000 yeemitha ezizikwemitha ezinomtsalane, ikhazimla ngesitayile saseTibetan. Esi sakhiwo sineeholo, iicawa, amangcwaba, izitrato ezivundiweyo ezinophahla lwegolide neendonga ezimhlophe, ezibomvu nezimnyama, ezibumba umzobo omhle.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abahambi ngezonqulo abatyelela iindawo ezingcwele zekhaya loonongendi bahamba ngekora benyuka ithambeka lentaba de bafike kumzi woonongendi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha malunga neyure ukujonga yonke into. Endleleni, amavili omthandazo afakwe kunye ne-mantras ye-Avalokiteshvara ebhalwe kuyo, evumela iindwendwe ukuba zihlawule imbeko yazo ngokujikeleza kwesithethe.
Imitsalane emikhulu yeTashi Lhunpo Monastery
1. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaMaitreya
Igolide engathethekiyo Maitreya umfanekiso oqingqiweyo libhongo lemonki. Ngowe-1915, itempile yabizwa Jumbo Chenmo wamiselwa ukugcina umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, owakhiwa ukusuka ngo-1914 ukuya ku-1918 phantsi kweliso le-Ninth Panchen Lama. Kuthiwa emva kokudlula kwe-Ninth Panchen Lama IPhondo laseQinghai, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaMaitreya onovelwano wabonwa ekhala kunye namaconsi eemvakalelo ahamba phantsi kobuso bomfanekiso oqingqiweyo. Ngokwengxelo, zonke iilamas ezazikho kwikhaya loonongendi zikuqinisekisile oku.
Amagcisa amangalisayo angama-110 enze lo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo kaBuddha oziimitha ezingama-26 ubude, obubungqina obuqaqambileyo bobubanzi bobuchule babo. Yakhiwe ngeetoni ezingama-230 zobhedu neekhilogram ezingama-560 zegolide yaye ihonjiswe ngeeperile ezingama-300 needayimani ezingama-32, imenyezela yaye imenyezela ngamatye anqabileyo.
Isimboli esikhulu selanga, esenziwe kumatye anqabileyo afanayo, silele phambi komfanekiso oqingqiweyo. I-silk cape yayo yeyona inkulu emhlabeni, kwaye itrone yayo yelotus yinkuthazo yaseYurophu. Itrone izaliswe ziinkozo ezicutshungulweyo, ngelixa umzimba womfanekiso uzaliswe nemifanekiso emincinci kaBuddha, iisutras, kunye namatye anqabileyo. Ukongezelela, izibane ezininzi ezizaliswe ngeoli ye-yak zibekwe phambi komfanekiso, uphawu lwentlonipho kunye nokuhlonela uBuddha wexesha elizayo.
2. Imizobo eludongeni
Indlu yeemonki edumileyo yaseTashi Lhunpo idume ngesithethe sayo esikhethekileyo sobugcisa. Uninzi lweeholo zalo luqhayisa ngesimbo se-eclectic se-'Menri eNtsha' eyavela ngeminyaka yoo-1600s, ukudityaniswa kwendibano yemifanekiso yama-India ne-China. Iimpawu zesi simbo, ngaphandle kwesikolo sobugcisa saseTashilhunpo, sibandakanya:
Ubungangamsha beentaba, ukuzola kwamanzi, nokubengezela kokukhanya okuqaqambileyo kubalaseliswa bubuzuba obucacileyo nohlaza, ngoxa ukumenyezela kwegolide kutsalela ingqalelo kubuhle baloo ndawo.
Iimpembelelo zamaTshayina zinokubonwa kwindalo echumileyo, amafu afukufuku, iitempile, imilambo, neengxangxasi, kwanezilwanyana neentaka ezithe saa kuzo zonke.
Ilungu ngalinye liyilwe ngokuntsonkothileyo, ngelixa imifanekiso yoothixo kunye nezinye izidalwa ezikhanyisiweyo ziboniswa ngokwemvelo kwaye ngokukhululeka; ukunqongophala okufihlakeleyo kwe-symmetry kunye nokuzola kubeka i-New Menri ngaphandle kwezinye izitayile zaseTibet.
Iingubo zemizobo zihlotshiswe ngoyilo oluhle lweentyatyambo, kwaye isambatho sikhulu kwaye sigcwele ukuhamba.
Iintloko zeedragoni zihombise iitrone, kwaye umqolo wefenitshala ogobileyo wongeza kumlingo.
3. Udonga lwaseThangok
Xa ujonge kumnyango omangalisayo wokungena kwikhaya leemonki iTashi Lhunpo, umntu unokubona izipayisi ezimdaka ngegolide ezifulelwe ngegolide. Ukunyuka ngaphezu kodonga yinqaba emhlophe enemigangatho engama-9, ukungafani okunesibindi kwiindawo ezizungezile. Eyakhiwe yiDalai Lama yokuQala ngo-1468, i-complex ilikhaya komnye wemibhiyozo eyaziwayo yaseTibet, uBuddha weLanga.
Ibanjwe ukususela ngomhla we-14 ukuya kwi-16 yenyanga yesihlanu yenyanga kwikhalenda yeTibet, isiganeko sibona i-thangka enkulu, ithatha i-45 yeemitha ubude kunye neemitha ezingama-29 ububanzi. Ibonisa oBhuda bamandulo, abakhoyo, nabazayo, betyhilwa ngokuthe ngcembe eludongeni, bekhatshwa sisandi esithambileyo sezixhobo zomoya.
4. IHolo yeNdibano
Ukungena kwiHolo yeNdibano yaseTashilhunpo kufana nokuhambahamba ukutyhubela iminyaka. Imiqadi yayo yeplanga emikhulu kunye namalaphu ahonjisiweyo ayenza ibe yinto entle kakhulu kwimbali, kwaye ubutyebi bezinto zezithethe buyenza ibe ngamava akhethekileyo.
5. Sutra Hall
Iholo ye-sutra yinqaba yeemonki apho Gedun Drupa, umseki, waseka indlu yokushicilela yakudala ukuze kwenziwe iinguqulelo ezintle zemibhalo yokuqala yesiSanskrit. Bakrola ngesandla iibhodi zokhuni ezingaphezu kwe-10,000 kunye neenguqulelo zeTibet zezinto zomthombo. Basebenzisa iibhodi ukwenza i-inki eprintiweyo ephepheni - indlela yemveli yaseTibet yokuvelisa iincwadi. Ukuba uyandwendwela, unokuthatha iflegi yomthandazo okanye ikhalenda yesikhumbuzo ekhaya, esanda kushicilelwa kwikhaya loonongendi.
isiphelo
Tashilhunpo Monastery yindawo ephawuleka ngokwenene enzulu kwimbali nakwinkcubeko. Inika abakhenkethi ithuba elikhethekileyo lokufunda ngobuBhuda baseTibet, babone ubuhle bezakhiwo zakudala zaseTibet, baze bamangaliswe zizinto ezingcwele ezigcinwe ngaphakathi kweendonga zayo. I-monastery ime njengobungqina bokomelela kwabantu baseTibet kwaye isebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kokugcina ilifa lenkcubeko kunye nenkolo.