The Tashilhunpo Monastery, etholakala eShigatse, Tibet, iyisikhungo sasendulo sobuBuddha baseTibet ebesisebenzela abalandeli baso ngenkuthalo kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15. Yasungulwa nguDalai Lama wokuqala, uGyalwa Gedun Drupa, isigodlo sesiyisikhungo esibalulekile esingokomoya amakhulu eminyaka.
Njengenye yezindela ezinkulu eziyisithupha zesikole samaGelug of Tibetan Buddhism, lesi sigodlo sihlonishwa kabanzi ngeminikelo yaso yezenkolo namasiko.
Namuhla, isigodlo sezindela sisaqhubeka sisekela izimfundiso nemikhuba yaso engokwesiko futhi sivakashelwa izinkulungwane minyaka yonke. Ngobuciko bayo obumangalisayo nomlando ocebile, ukuvakashela i- Tashilhunpo Monastery okuhlangenwe nakho okukhangayo nokujulile ngokomoya.
Ifa elingokomoya lesigodlo sezindela
Lesi sigodlo sesikole saseGelug singesinye sezindela eziyisithupha zaseTibet, lapho ungabona khona izindela zembethe zendabuko, ingubo ephuzi, nesigqoko esiphuzi esimangalisayo. Ama-Novices, aziwa ngokuthi “ama-getsuls,” angaba “ama-gelong” amisiwe uma efunde futhi ayazi kahle imithetho yezindela.
Ukuba “igeshe” (umeluleki komoya) kunzima ngendlela emangalisayo, kudinga iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amabili yokuzikhandla nokuzijwayeza - abambalwa kuphela abake baphumelele.
Imisebenzi ye-Tsongkhapa, imibhalo yendabuko yesi-Mahayana, nezimfundiso zika-Atisha ne-Nagarjuna zakha isisekelo sokwenza izinto ezingokomoya. Kepha izindonga zeTashilhunpo Monastery zigada isethi yemibhalo engaqondakali kakhulu - izimfundiso ezihlonishwayo ze UShambhala, izwe lezihlakaniphi ezingokomoya nokuzincisha ukudla, eliseziqhingini zaseHimalaya.
I-Tashilhunpo iyithempeli eliyinhloko lokuhlonipha lo mbuso ongaqondakali nokuhlakanipha kwawo. Imfihlakalo ye-Shambhala ivame ukubonakala njenge-utopia ekude elahlekile eziqongweni zezintaba. Nokho, omunye umbono uthi ngisho nezwe elimsulwa lingafinyelelwa ngezindawo ezingaphakathi komuntu. I-Shambhala ibhekwa njengombuso we-metaphysical, ukuqonda okuphakeme okungatholakala ngokusebenzisa imikhuba engokomoya.
E-Tashilhunpo Monastery, i-Kalachakra (“Wheel of Time”) efundiswa ngu-Atisha iyavikelwa, ixhumene eduze nenganekwane kaShambhala. Ngo-1775, i-3rd Panchen Lama, u-Lobsang Palden Yeshe, wabhala incwadi ethi, "Istria Aryadesha kanye nendlela eya eShambhala, iZwe Elingcwele," echaza i-sadhana (umkhuba ongokomoya), ukusiza izidalwa ezinozwela ukuba zizuze ukukhanyiselwa.
Isakhiwo kanye Nezindawo Ezibonwayo zesigodlo sezindela saseTashilhunpo
Isigodlo esiklanywe ngokumangalisayo sitholakala ezansi kwe-Drolmari (intaba iTara). Ihlanganisa amamitha-skwele angama-300,000, ikhazimula ngesitayela sendabuko saseTibet. Lesi sakhiwo siwumpheme wamahholo, izindlu zesonto, amathuna, nemigwaqo evalekile enophahla olusagolide nezindonga ezimhlophe, ezibomvu nezimnyama, ezakha inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, abahambi abavakashela izindawo ezingcwele zesigodlo sezindela bahamba nge-kora bekhuphuka umqansa wentaba baze bafike esigodlweni sezindela. Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe ihora ukuhlola yonke inkimbinkimbi. Endleleni, amasondo omthandazo afakiwe anezinhlamvu ze-Avalokiteshvara eziqoshwe kuwo, okuvumela izivakashi ukuba zihloniphe ngokuzulazula okungokwesiko.
Izinto Ezikhangayo Ezinkulu zeTashi Lhunpo Monastery
1. Isifanekiso sikaMaitreya
Igolide elincanyana Maitreya isithombe siwukuzigqaja kwesigodlo. Ngo-1915, ithempeli labizwa Jumbo Chenmo yamiswa ukuze kugcinwe lesi sithombe, esakhiwa kusukela ngo-1914 kuya ku-1918 ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwe-Ninth Panchen Lama. Kuthiwa ngemuva kokudlula kwe-Ninth Panchen Lama Isifunda saseQinghai, isifanekiso sikaMaitreya esinozwelo sabonakala sikhala namathonsi emizwa egeleza ebusweni besithombe esibaziwe. Kubikwa ukuthi wonke ama-lama akhona esigodlweni asiqinisekisile lesi sigameko.
Izingcweti eziyi-110 ezimangalisayo zenze lesi sithombe sikaBuddha esingamamitha angu-26 ubude, obuwubufakazi obukhanyayo bobubanzi bekhono labo. Yakhiwe ngamathani ethusi angu-230 namakhilogremu angu-560 egolide, ihlotshiswe ngamaparele angu-300 namadayimane angu-32, iyabenyezela futhi icwebezela ngamatshe ayigugu.
Uphawu olukhulu kakhulu lwelanga, olwakhiwe ngamagugu afanayo, luphambi kwesifanekiso. I-silk cape yayo inkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi isihlalo sayo sobukhosi se-lotus siphefumulelwe eYurophu. Isihlalo sobukhosi sigcwele okusanhlamvu okugayiwe, kuyilapho umzimba wesifanekiso ugcwele imifanekiso emincane kaBuddha, ama-sutra, namatshe ayigugu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibani eziningi ezigcwele amafutha e-yak zibekwe phambi kwesithombe, isibonakaliso senhlonipho nokuhlonipha uBuddha wesikhathi esizayo.
2. Imidwebo Yodonga
Isigodlo sezindela saseTashi Lhunpo esidumile sidume ngesiko laso lobuciko eliyingqayizivele. Amahholo akhona amaningi aziqhenya ngesitayela se-eclectic 'se-New Menri' esavela ngeminyaka yawo-1600s, ukuxutshwa kwemihlangano yezithombe yama-Indian ne-Chinese. Izici zalesi sitayela, ngaphandle kwesikole sobuciko saseTashilhunpo, zifaka:
Ubuhle bezintaba, ukuthula kwamanzi, nokukhazimula kwama-halo kugqanyiswa ukugqama okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza, kuyilapho ukubenyezela kwegolide kudonsela ukunaka ebuhleni bendawo.
Amathonya aseShayina angabonakala emvelweni oluhlaza, amafu aluhlaza, amathempeli, imifula, nezimpophoma, kanye nezilwane nezinyoni ezigcwele yonke indawo.
Isici ngasinye siklanywe ngokuyinkimbinkimbi, kuyilapho imifanekiso yonkulunkulu nezinye izidalwa ezikhanyisiwe ivezwa ngokwemvelo nangokukhululeka; ukuntula okucashile kokulinganisa nokuthula kwenza i-New Menri ihluke kwezinye izitayela zaseTibet.
Izembatho zezibalo zihlotshiswe ngemiklamo emihle yezimbali, futhi izingubo zikhulu futhi zigcwele ukunyakaza.
Amakhanda e-Dragon ahlobisa izihlalo zobukhosi, futhi ingemuva yefenisha egobile yengeza kulo mlingo.
3. Thangok wall
Uma ubuka umnyango omangalisayo wesigodlo sezindela saseTashi Lhunpo, umuntu angabona izipayisi ezinsundu ngokusagolide ezifulelwe ngegolide. Iphakama ngaphezu kodonga umbhoshongo omhlophe onezitezi ezingu-9, umehluko onesibindi endaweni yawo. Yakhiwa iDalai Lama Yokuqala ngo-1468, inkimbinkimbi iyikhaya lomunye wemikhosi edume kakhulu yaseTibet, uBuddha Welanga.
Obanjwa kusukela ngomhla ka-14 kuya osukwini lwe-16 lwenyanga yesihlanu yenyanga ekhalendeni laseTibet, umcimbi ubona i-thangka enkulu, ehlanganisa amamitha angu-45 ubude namamitha angu-29 ububanzi. Ibonisa oBuddha Odlule, Bamanje, Nabesikhathi Esizayo, bembulwa kancane kancane odongeni, behambisana nomsindo opholile wezinsimbi ezifuthwayo.
4. IHholo Lomhlangano
Ukungena eHholo Lomhlangano laseTashilhunpo kufana nokuhambahamba phakathi neminyaka edlule. Imishayo yayo yokhuni emikhulu nezindwangu eziwubukhazikhazi kuyenza ibe isenzakalo esimangalisayo emlandweni, futhi ingcebo yezinsalela zemicikilisho iyenza ibe yinto engavamile.
5. Sutra Hall
Ihholo le-sutra liyinqaba yezindela lapho Gedun Drupa, umsunguli, wasungula indlu yokunyathelisa yakudala ukuze enze izinguqulo ezinhle zemibhalo yokuqala yesiSanskrit. Baqopha ngesandla amabhodi okhuni angaphezu kuka-10,000 ngokuhumusha kwe-Tibet komthombo. Babe sebesebenzisa amabhodi ukwenza amaphrinta kayinki ephepheni - indlela evamile yaseTibet yokukhiqiza izincwadi. Uma uvakashela, ungathatha ifulege lomkhuleko noma ikhalenda lesikhumbuzo uye ekhaya, elisanda kunyatheliswa esigodlweni sezindela.
Isiphetho
Tashilhunpo Monastery iyindawo ephawuleka ngempela ecwile emlandweni namasiko. Inikeza izivakashi ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokufunda ngobuBuddha baseTibet, ukubona ubuhle bezakhiwo zasendulo zaseTibet, futhi zimangele izinto zobuciko ezingcwele ezingaphakathi kwezindonga zayo. Isigodlo sezindela siwubufakazi bokuqina kwabantu baseTibet futhi sisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kokulondoloza amagugu ethu amasiko nenkolo.