Njengoba igxile emlandweni namasiko aphilayo, iSera Monastery ime ngokuziqhenya emaphethelweni eLhasa, eTibet. Isungulwe ngo-1419 nguJamchen Chojey Sakya Yeshe, umfundi weTsongkhapa ehlonishwayo, lesi sigodlo esikhulu sesiphenduke itshe legumbi leGelugpa, isikole esivelele seTibetan Buddhism.
Uma sibheka okuzwakalayo okwengeziwe, ake sihlole i-tapestry ecebile ye-Sera Mey Monastery, ehlanganisa ukubaluleka kwayo ngokomlando, izinkulumo-mpikiswano ezihehayo ze-Sera Mey Monastery, kanye nethuba lokuzibonela mathupha imikhuba yobuBuddha baseTibet ngokuvakasha.
Kwembula Umlando Wezindela Ze-Sera
Yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15, iSera Monastery inesikhathi esidlule esicebile. Igama layo elithi, “Sera,” lihunyushwa ngokuthi “Wild Rose Monastery” ngesiTibetan, okuwukuvuma ngekhanda ngobuningi balezi zimbali ezihlohle amagquma angemva kwesigodlo sezindela phakathi nokwakhiwa kwaso. UJamchen Chojey Sakya Yeshe, umlandeli ozinikele weTsongkhapa, wabheka iSera njengesikhungo sokufunda iGelugpa futhi wayisungula njengenye yezindela zasenyuvesi "Enkulu Ezintathu" zaseGelug eduze nezindela zaseGanden naseDrepung.
Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, iSera Mey Monastery yachuma njengesihlalo esivelele somfundaze wamaBuddha. Izindela zazinikela ezifundweni eziqinile, zifunda ifilosofi yamaBuddha ngokusebenzisa inkulumo-mpikiswano nezindlela ze-dialectic. Lezi zinkulumo-mpikiswano, eziseyisiko elihehayo nanamuhla, ziwukuheha okubalulekile ezivakashini.
Ukufakaza Izingxoxo Zezindela Ze-Sera
Okuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele kulindele izivakashi zeSera Monastery - Izinkulumo-mpikiswano ze-Sera Monastery ezijabulisayo. Lezi zinkulumo-mpikiswano ezisegcekeni lesigodlo sezindela aziyona imiqhudelwano yokunquma abawinile nabahluliwe. Esikhundleni salokho, basebenza njengendlela eguquguqukayo yokuthi izindela zicije ukuqonda kwazo ifilosofi yamaBuddha.
Egqoke izingubo ezimaroon, izindela zibuthana egcekeni, amazwi azo ephakama ngengoma enesigqi njengoba zihlanganyela engxoxweni ephilayo zisebenzisa ukuthinta kwezandla nezimemezelo ezigcizelelayo. Ukufakaza leli siko lakudala kunikeza umbono wenhliziyo ekhaliphile yomkhuba kaGelugpa kanye nokubaluleka kokucabanga okujulile ngaphakathi kweBuddhism yaseTibet.
I-Tibet. Lesi siko esinamakhulu eminyaka siyisisekelo semfundo yamaBuddha yaseTibet, ekhuthaza ukucabanga okujulile nokuqonda okujulile kwefilosofi yamaBuddha.
Ukuhlola Imikhuba YamaBuddha YaseTibet eSera Monastery
I-Sera Mey Monastery ayiyona nje ingqophamlando yomlando; iyisikhungo esiphilayo somkhuba wamaBuddha waseTibet. Izivakashi eziku-Sera Monastery Tour zingazibonela mathupha leli siko elinempilo. Ukuvakasha ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukuvakashela amahholo amakhulu esigodlo sezindela, ahlotshiswe ngezithombe eziyinkimbinkimbi nemifanekiso enemibala ebonisa onkulunkulu bamaBuddha nezindaba. Ungase futhi ukwazi ukubona izindela ezenza imikhuleko noma ukuzindla okunokuthula.
Isizinda Somlando: Ifa Lokufunda Nokuqina
Indaba yeSera Monastery ihlehlela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka, inikeza umbono othakazelisayo wokuvela kweBuddhism yaseTibet.
Ukusungula kanye Nokukhula Kwasekuqaleni: Yasungulwa ngo-1419 nguJamchen Chojey Sakya Yeshe, umfundi weTsongkhapa ehlonishwayo, iSera Mey Monastery yavelela ngokushesha. Igama layo, "Wild Rose Monastery," libonisa indawo ezungeze isigodlo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwaso. USera, eceleni kwezindela zaseGanden naseDrepung, waba ngesinye sezindela ze-"Great Three" Gelugpa University ezaziwa ngokuphishekela imfundo enzima.
Isikhungo Sokufunda: Isikole saseGelugpa saseTibetan Buddhism sigcizelela umfundaze wezindela kanye nemibuzo yobuhlakani. I-Sera Monastery yachuma njengesikhungo sezifundo zefilosofi yamaBuddha. Izindela zazinikela ekufundiseni izimfundiso eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokusebenzisa izinkulumo-mpikiswano nezindlela ze-dialectic. Lezi zinkulumo-mpikiswano, isisekelo semfundo ye-Gelugpa, ziyisiko elihehayo namuhla.
Izinselele nokubuyiselwa: I-Sera Mey Monastery ayizange ibe ngaphandle kobunzima bayo. Isigodlo salimala kakhulu ngesikhathi seNguquko Yesiko Yamasiko (1966-1976). Ukulimala noma ukucekelwa phansi kuthinte izakhiwo eziningi, futhi umphakathi wezindela wabhekana nokuphazamiseka okukhulu.
Izici Zokwakha: Inhlanganisela Yobukhulu Nokuvumelana
Ukungena esigodlweni sezindela iSera Mey kufana nokungena ezweni elicwile emlandweni nobukhazikhazi bobuciko. Isakhiwo sesakhiwo sezindela sibonisa umsebenzi waso njengesikhungo sokufunda kanye nendima yaso njengendawo engcwele.
I-Central Hub
IHholo LoMhlangano LaseTsokchen: IHholo Lomhlangano elimangalisayo laseTsokchen ligcwele lesi sakhiwo. Lesi sakhiwo esinezitezi ezine sisebenza njengehholo eliyinhloko lemikhosi yebandla neyenkolo. Ngaphakathi, izivakashi zingamangala:
- 125 izinsika: Lezi zinsika zinikeza ukusekelwa kwesakhiwo futhi zifanekisela amandla esiko lamaGelugpa.
- I-Skylight: I-skylight ekhanyisa igumbi elimangalisayo lenza lizizwe libanzi futhi lizolile.
- Imizobo yokudweba: Izindonga zihlotshiswe ngemidwebo emibalabala ebonisa onkulunkulu bamaBuddha, abantu abangokomlando nezigcawu ezivela emibhalweni yobuBuddha. Le midwebo yasodongeni inikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ku-cosmology yamaBuddha waseTibet kanye namasiko obuciko.
- Izifanekiso: Ukuthuthukisa isimo esingokomoya yizithombe zabantu abahlonishwayo, okuhlanganisa noJamchen Chojey, umsunguli weSera, kanye nomfanekiso omangalisayo kaMaitreya Buddha.
Indawo Yokufunda: Amakolishi
Amakolishi amathathu aphambili — iSera Me, iSera Je, neNgakpa College — ahlanganisa ingxenye esentshonalanga yesakhiwo. Lamakolishi ake ahlala amakhulu ezindela futhi esebenza njengamanyuvesi ezindela. Nakuba inani lezindela lehlile, amakolishi aseyizikhungo zokufunda ezibalulekile.
- Ikolishi ngalinye linesitayela salo sokwakha esihlukile, elibonisa amasu okwakha endabuko aseTibet.
- Bheka amagceke, amahholo okukhuleka, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zezindela ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zasekolishi.
Inhlanganisela Yokwenza Nobuhle
Ngaphandle kwamahholo amakhulu namakolishi, iSera Mey Monastery complex inezinye izakhiwo eziningi.
- Izindawo zokuhlala zezindela zinikeza umuzwa womphakathi nendawo yokuhlala.
- Ama-chapel ahlakazekile kuyo yonke le nkimbinkimbi anikezela ngezikhala ezizinikele zokuthandaza nokuzindla.
Amagugu Obuciko: I-Thangkas kanye Nezithombe Zokudweba
Kuyo yonke iSera Monastery, izivakashi zithola ingcebo yobuciko. Ama-thangka ayinkimbinkimbi, imiqulu ependwe ngesiTibet ebonisa onkulunkulu bamaBuddha nama-mandala, ihlobise izindonga. Lawa ma-thangka akhombisa imibala egqamile nemininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi yobuciko be-Tibetan Buddhist. Imidwebo yasodongeni engaphakathi kweHholo Lomhlangano LaseTsokchen ibuye inikeze umbono othakazelisayo wezindaba ezixoxwayo zamaBuddha nemifanekiso yezithombe.
Impilo Yezindela kanye Nemikhuba Yezemfundo: Ukukhulisa Ukuhlakanipha Nokuziphatha
I-Sera Mey Monastery ayisona nje isimangaliso sezakhiwo esimangalisayo; iyisikhungo esiphilayo sempilo yezindela kanye nemfundo. Lapha, singena ohlelweni lwemfundo oluyingqayizivele lwezindela kanye nezinqubo zansuku zonke.
Isiko Lokufunda
ISera Monastery sekuyisikhathi eside iyisikhungo esidumile sezifundo zefilosofi yamaBuddha. Isikole saseGelugpa sigcizelela uphenyo oluqinile lwezemfundo, futhi izindela zizinikela ekwazini izimfundiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zobuBuddha.
I-Core Curriculum
Ikharikhulamu eSera igxile ezimfundisweni eziwumgogodla zesiko lamaGelugpa, ezihlanganisa:
- Ifilosofi kaBuddha: Izindela zicubungula emibhalweni yobuBuddha eyisisekelo, ephikisana nemiqondo enjengobuze, i-karma, nokuzalwa kabusha.
- Imibhalo: Ukucwaninga okujulile kweqoqo elikhulu lemibhalo yamaBuddha kuhlomisa izindela ukuqonda okujulile kwezimfundiso zikaBuddha.
- Inkulumo-mpikiswano: Isisekelo semfundo ye-Gelugpa, inkulumo-mpikiswano isebenza njengendlela eguquguqukayo yezindela zokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwazo futhi zihlaziye ngokujulile imiqondo yobuBuddha. Ukufakaza lezi zinkulumo-mpikiswano kunikeza iwindi elikhangayo enhliziyweni yobuhlakani yeBuddhism yaseTibet (ehlanganiswe kabanzi esigabeni esilandelayo).
Impilo Yansuku zonke Nemikhuba
Izindela kwaSera zihlela izimpilo zazo ezintweni ezingokomoya nasezintweni zemfundo. Usuku olujwayelekile lungase luhlanganise:
- Imithandazo yasekuseni: Izindela zivuka ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa ukuze zihlanganyele ezikhathini zokucula nokuzindla.
- Izifundo Nempikiswano: Izindela zinikela isikhathi esiningi sosuku ekutadisheni imibhalo, ukuya ezifundweni, nasekuhlanganyeleni ezimisweni zezinkulumo mpikiswano.
- Ukudla Komphakathi: Izindela zibuthana ukuze zidle imifino ezithathwe zithule.
- Imithandazo yakusihlwa nokuzindla: Usuku luphetha ngemithandazo eyengeziwe nokuzindla, okukhuthaza ukuthula kwangaphakathi nokuzindla.
Izinkulumo-mpikiswano e-Sera Mey Monastery: Ukulola Izingqondo Ngokuxoxisana
Esinye sezici ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngesipiliyoni seSera Monastery ukufakaza Izinkulumo-mpikiswano Zezindela Ze-Sera Mey. Lena akuyona imiqhudelwano yokunquma abawinile noma abahluliwe kodwa kuyindlela eguquguqukayo nehehayo yamandela ukuze acije ukuqonda kwawo ifilosofi yamaBuddha.
Umbukwane Ophilayo
Yiya egcekeni lenkulumompikiswano phakathi nesonto (ngaphandle kwamaSonto namanye amaholide), ngokuvamile cishe ngo-3:00 ntambama. Uzobona izindela ezigqoke izingubo ezi-maroon zihlanganyela engxoxweni enomoya lapho. Amazwi abo akhuphuka aphinde ehle kusigqi esinesigqi esihambisana nokuthinta nokuphimisela. Umkhathi ugcwele amandla obuhlakani, unikeza umbono wenhliziyo yokufunda kwe-Gelugpa.
I-Art of Debate
Izimpikiswano zilandela uhlaka oluthile:
- Umhloli kanye noMvikeli: Izindela ezimbili ziyabhanqa, enye imile njengombangi kanti enye ihlezi njengomvikeli.
- Inqubo Esemthethweni: Uhlaka oluqinile lulawula inkulumo-mpikiswano, luqinisekisa ukushintshana kwemibono okunobulungiswa nenhlonipho.
- Ukubonisana Okunengqondo: Abaphonseli inselele basebenzisa ingqondo nemibhalo ekhonjiwe ukungabaza incazelo yomvikeli yezimfundiso zamaBuddha. Umvikeli yena, uvikela ngekhono isikhundla sabo esebenzisa izimpikiswano nemibhalo eyisekelayo.
Ngaphandle Kwekhanda
Lezi zinkulumo-mpikiswano zifeza injongo ebalulekile emfundweni yezindela. Badlulela ngalé kokubamba ngekhanda imibhalo. Ngokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo engxoxweni, izindela:
- Thuthukisa Ukucabanga Okubalulekile: Ukwakha izimpikiswano nokuphendula izinselele kuthuthukisa amakhono okucabanga okujulile.
- Dlulisa ukuqonda: Izinkulumo-mpikiswano zikhuthaza izindela ukuba zijule emiqondweni eyinkimbinkimbi yamaBuddha, zikhuthaze ukuqonda okunemiqondo ehlukahlukene.
- Qinisa Amakhono Okuxhumana: Izinkulumo-mpikiswano zinikeza izindela inkundla yokuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana acacile nafingqiwe abalulekile ekudluliseleni izimfundiso zamaBuddha.
Ukuvakashela I-Sera Monastery: Umhlahlandlela Womhambi Onelukuluku
Abavakashi bafuna amagugu acebile amasiko kanye nokuqonda okuphelele kweTibetan Buddhism enikezwa yiSer Mey Monastery. Ngakho-ke, nansi indlela yokuhlela lokhu kuvakasha:
- Ukuhlela Uhambo Lwakho: Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvakashela i-Sera Monastery ngokuvamile entwasahlobo (April-May) nasekwindla (September-October). Lezi zinkathi zamahlombe zinikeza isimo sezulu esimnandi nezixuku ezilawulekayo. Khumbula lokho Ukuphakama kwe-Lhasa (ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-3,600) kungaba yinselele, ngakho-ke ukujwayela okufanele kubalulekile.
- Ukufika Lapho: Itholakala cishe amakhilomitha angu-5 enyakatho maphakathi Lhasa, iSera Monastery ifinyeleleka kalula. Ungathatha itekisi noma ugibele kwelinye lamabhasi omphakathi (imizila engu-6, 16, 20, 23, noma engu-24) ame eduze nomnyango wezindela.
- Amahora okuvula nezinkokhelo: I-Sera Monastery ivula ngo-9 ekuseni futhi ivale ngo-4 ntambama nsuku zonke. Uzokhokha imali encane esangweni, kodwa ungase futhi udinge ukuhlukana nemali eyengeziwe uma ufuna ukuthatha izithombe ngaphakathi kwama-chapel athile (ungasebenzisi i-flash).
- Ukuhlola Ngenhlonipho: Khumbula ukuthi iSera Monastery iyisigodlo esisebenzayo. Gqoka ngendlela efanele futhi ugweme ukuziphatha okunolaka noma okuphazamisayo. Qaphela imikhuleko nemikhosi, futhi ugweme ukuthatha izithombe ngalezi zikhathi.
- Ukufakazela Izimpikiswano: Uma uthanda ukuzwa Izinkulumo-mpikiswano ze-Sera Mey Monastery, hlela ukuvakasha kwakho kosuku lwantambama (ngaphandle kwamaSonto namanye amaholide) cishe ngo-3:00 ntambama. Thola indawo enenhlonipho egcekeni lempikiswano ukuze ubuke ukushintshana okujabulisayo.
- Inothi elikhethekile labahambi bamazwe ngamazwe: Abokufika kufanele bathole Imvume Yendawo Evikelekile (i-PAP) yokuvakashela i-Tibet, okufanele uyivikele ngokubhaliswa kwe-inthanethi ngaphambi kokufika. Kutuswa ukuhlela uhambo lwakho nenkampani yezokuvakasha enesipiliyoni. Bazokuqondisa ekutholeni imvume futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlala kwakho kukhululekile kuyilapho uhlonipha imikhuba yamasiko.
Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko Nezenkolo: Isibani Sokufunda Nesiko
I-Sera Monastery idlula indima yayo njengophawu olungokomlando. Isebenza njengesisekelo sesiko nesiko lamaBuddha aseTibet, endaweni kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ake sijule ngokubaluleka kwayo, sihlole umthelela wayo emphakathini ozungezile, indima yawo njengesikhungo semfundo yobuBuddha, kanye negalelo layo ekulondolozeni isiko lamaTibet.
I-A-Insika Yomphakathi waseLhasa
I-Sera Mey Monastery ibilokhu ibalulekile emphakathini waseLhasa amakhulu eminyaka. Izindela zakhona zizinikela ezenzweni zenkolo futhi zineqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezenhlalo. Banikeza isiqondiso esingokomoya kubahlali futhi babambe iqhaza emikhosini yendabuko, beqinisa ubunikazi besifunda bamasiko.
Isikhungo se-Buddhist Scholarship
I-Sera Monastery Tours ivame ukugqamisa idumela layo njengesigodlo sezindela sikaNdunankulu waseGelugpa University. Lokhu kubaluleka kudlulela ngale kweLhasa. Kuwo wonke umlando, isigodlo sesikhiqize izazi nothisha abangenakubalwa abaye baba nomthelela omkhulu kubuBuddha baseTibet. Nazi izibalo eziphawulekayo:
- I-Dalai Lama yesi-5: Lo mholi ohlonishwayo ngokomoya uchithe isikhathi efunda eSera Mey Monastery, eqinisa nakakhulu ukubaluleka kwayo esikweni lamaGelugpa. Ukufunda ngezibalo ezinjalo zomlando kungaba isici esithakazelisayo se-Sera Monastery Tours.
- Geshe Kelzang Gyatso: Indela edumile yesazi uGeshe Kelzang Gyatso ithola ikhredithi ngokuvuselela ukutadisha nokusebenza kokucabanga okunengqondo nenkulumo-mpikiswano esikoleni saseGelugpa. Imibhalo yakhe enethonya, ehlolwe ngesikhathi seSera Mey Monastery Tours ecubungula umlando wemikhuba yokufundisa yalesi sigodlo, iyaqhubeka nokubumba izinkulumo zamaBuddha namuhla.
Ukugcina Isiko laseTibet
I-Sera Monastery idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni amagugu e-Tibetan Buddhist. Ikharikhulamu eqinile kanye nokugcizelelwa kwenkulumo-mpikiswano, okwafakazelwa ngesikhathi Sezingxoxo Zezindela Ze-Sera, iqinisekisa ukulondolozwa nokudluliswa kolwazi namasiko akudala. Izindela zikopisha futhi zilondoloze imibhalo yasendulo ngokucophelela, zivikele leli gugu elicebile lamasiko.
Ukulondolozwa Nezokuvakasha: Ukulinganisa Isiko Nesimanjemanje
I-Sera Mey Monastery ibhekene nenselelo yokulinganisa izidingo zokulondoloza nesithakazelo esikhulayo sezivakashi. Nakhu ukuhlolisisa lezi zici:
- Ukuvikela Ifa: Kunomfutho omkhulu wokugcina iSera Mey Monastery injalo. I-China ixhase ngezimali amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene okubuyisela ukusimama kwesakhiwo kanye nokuvikela imidwebo yasezindongeni nemisebenzi yobuciko. Abantu baseTibet abathintekayo ezindabeni zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe benza iminikelo ebalulekile. Izipho kanye nezinhlelo zisiza ukugcinwa kwalesi sakhiwo kanye nokondleka kwaso ngokwesiko.
- Umthelela Wezokuvakasha: I-Sera Mey Monastery iwuzibuthe omkhulu wezivakashi ngenxa yemikhuba yayo eyingqayizivele nomlando othokozisayo. Imali engenayo yezokuvakasha ibalulekile ekunakekeleni nasekuhlinzekeni impahla yesigodlo. Ukulawula ukuhamba kwezivakashi kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukuphazamisa imisebenzi yenkolo yamanje.
- Ukuhlola Ngenhlonipho: I-Sera Mey Monastery Tours ingaba yindlela ebalulekile yokufunda ngomlando namasiko esigodlo. Abavakashi abanomthwalo wemfanelo baqinisekisa ukuthi izivakashi zigqoka ngendlela ehloniphekile, zigcina ukuziphatha okuhloniphekile, futhi zigwema ukuziphatha okunomsindo noma okuphazamisayo phakathi nemithandazo nemikhosi.
- Izidingo zokulinganisa: I-Sera Monastery ilwela ukulinganisela ukugcina indawo yayo engcwele nokwamukela izivakashi. Imisebenzi yezenkolo ikhawulela izindawo ezithile, kuyilapho izindawo ezikhethiwe zivulekele ukuhlolwa kwezivakashi. Ukuqonda le mihlahlandlela kukhuthaza ukuzizwisa okucebisa kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ukufakaza Izimpikiswano
Isici esihehayo seSera Monastery Tours sifakaza Izinkulumo-mpikiswano zeSera Monastery. Lezi zinkulumo-mpikiswano ezijabulisayo zenzeka phakathi nesonto (ngaphandle kwamaSonto namanye amaholide), ngokuvamile cishe ngo-3:00 ntambama egcekeni elikhethiwe. Izivakashi zingabuka zikude ngenhlonipho, zithole amazwibela enhliziyo ekhaliphile yomkhuba kaGelugpa.
Isiphetho
USeramatha umi njengobufakazi befa elihlala njalo lobuBuddha baseTibetan. Lo mlando oyingqopha-mlando udlula ubuhle bawo bezakhiwo, unikeza isikhungo esinempilo sempilo yezindela, umfundaze, nokuzijwayeza ngokomoya. Kukho konke lokhu kuhlola, siye sahlola i-tapestry enothile yendaba ye-Sera Monastery:
- Isikhungo Sokufunda: Isungulwe ngekhulu le-15, iSera Mey Monastery sekuyisikhathi eside iyisigodlo sezindela saseGelugpa University esidumile. Ikharikhulamu yayo eqinile igcizelela ifilosofi yamaBuddha, ukufunda imibhalo, kanye nomkhuba oyingqayizivele wenkulumo-mpikiswano, okhuthaza ukubuza ngobuhlakani nokuqonda okujulile.
- Isiko Eliphilayo: Impilo yansuku zonke yezindela eSera Monastery igxile emthandazweni, ekuzindleni nasezifundweni. Uma ubona le mikhuba, ungabona inhliziyo yempilo yezindela zaseTibet Buddhist.
- Igugu Lamasiko: I-Sera Monastery ibalulekile ekulondolozeni ifa lobuBuddha baseTibet. Ukulondolozwa ngokucophelela kwemibhalo yasendulo kanye nezinkulumo-mpikiswano ezihehayo kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwamasiko eminyaka edlule.
- Indawo Yokukhuthazwa: Ukubaluleka kweSera Monastery kudlulela ngale kweTibet. Iwumthombo wogqozi kwabafuna izinto zokomoya emhlabeni wonke, ihlinzeka ngefasitela nge-tapestry ecebile yefilosofi nemikhuba yobuBuddha.
Ukuhlela Ukuvakasha Kwakho
Uma ube nenhlanhla yokuvakashela i-Sera Mey Monastery, khumbula lezi zikhombisi-ndlela zokuhlangenwe nakho okuhloniphekile nokucebisayo:
- Gqoka izingubo ezifanele futhi uhlale uzolile phakathi nemithandazo nemikhosi.
- Abavakashi abanomthwalo wemfanelo bangakuqondisa kumlando wesigodlo namasiko.
- Izinkulumo-mpikiswano ze-Sera Mey Monastery zinikeza amazwibela akhangayo ezinkambisweni zobuhlakani zikaGelugpa. Bheka ukude ngenhlonipho.
- Qaphela imikhawulo yezithombe ezindaweni ezithile, futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa i-flash.
